Mapping flooded areas utilizing Google Earth Engine and open SAR data: a comprehensive approach for disaster response

Abstract

AbstractOne of the most destructive and frequent natural disasters in the world, flash floods cause millions of people to be displaced annually in addition to seriously harming livelihoods and infrastructure. It affects many ecological components and applications related to water management, natural resources, agriculture, human health, and economics. Himachal Pradesh saw an unprecedented amount of rainfall in June and July 2023, which resulted in exceptionally strong monsoon conditions from July 7 to July 10. Operating out of the Meteorological Centre in Shimla, the India Meteorological Department reported widespread, unusually heavy rainfall throughout the state during this time. Cloud cover often obstructs optical satellite data during the monsoon season, which has led to the investigation of alternate techniques for mapping floods. the whole satellite image processing process was carried out using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The Kangra District's 5739 km2 area was chosen as the study's area of interest. In these circumstances, traditional methods of mapping and monitoring flood-prone areas frequently fall short because of poor visibility and overcast skies during bad weather. Technology such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) becomes a ray of hope during these desperate times. When SAR data is combined with Google Earth Engine, it becomes even more user-friendly. Using SAR data and the powerful cloud processing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study suggests a flood mapping technique. When it comes to mapping flood areas, the strength of SAR data and GEE surpasses boundaries and challenges. It is evidence of both technological advancement and human inventiveness. Such tools are more critical than ever as the world deals with the increasing effects of climate change and the rising frequency of extreme weather events.