Consumption of Energy Drinks among Italian University students: a cross-sectional multicenter study
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Published:2023-04-06
Issue:5
Volume:62
Page:2195-2203
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ISSN:1436-6207
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Container-title:European Journal of Nutrition
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Eur J Nutr
Author:
Protano Carmela, Valeriani Federica, De Giorgi Andrea, Angelillo Silvia, Bargellini Annalisa, Bianco Aida, Bianco Lavinia, Caggiano Giuseppina, Colucci Maria Eugenia, Coniglio Maria Anna, Dallolio Laura, De Giglio Osvalda, Di Giuseppe Gabriella, Elhadidy Heba Safwat Mhmoued Abdo, Gioffrè Maria Eufemia, Laganà Pasqualina, Licata Francesca, Marchesi Isabella, Masini Alice, Montagna Maria Teresa, Napoli Christian, Orsi Giovanni Battista, Pasquarella Cesira, Pelullo Concetta Paola, Paduano Stefania, Sacchetti Rossella, Scaioli Giacomo, Siliquini Roberta, Veronesi Licia, Liguori Giorgio, Spica Vincenzo Romano, Vitali Matteo, Gallè FrancescaORCID
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the caffeinated Energy Drinks (EDs) consumption among a large sample of Italian undergraduates and its association with some of the major lifestyle risk factors.
Methods
Students attending twelve public Italian universities were involved between October 2021 and May 2022. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, ED consumption, and on health-related behaviors of participants was collected by the use of a web-based questionnaire.
Results
A total of 2165 students participated in the study and 15.2% of them reported having used caffeinated EDs in the last six months, mainly once a month (41.5%). In comparison with non-users, ED users showed a higher proportion of males (p < 0.001) and a higher father’s educational level (p = 0.003), came mainly from Northern universities (p = 0.004) and life sciences degree courses (p < 0.001). Besides, ED users reported higher BMI values (p = 0.003), more particular dietary regimens (p < 0.001), higher levels of weekly moderate–vigorous physical activity (p < 0.001) and participation in sports (p < 0.001) and in team sports (p = 0.003), and higher proportion of smokers (p < 0.001) and alcohol drinkers (p = 0.005). ED use was negatively related with female gender (OR 0.546; 95% CI 0.374–0.798), the Mediterranean diet (OR 0.587; 95% CI 0.362–0.951) and coming from the center of Italy (OR 0.500; 95% CI 0.275–0.909) and positively associated with tobacco smoke (OR 1.712; 95% CI 1.176–2.492) and participation in a team sport (OR 1.686; 95% CI 1.051–2.707).
Conclusion
These findings could encourage figures engaged in education to increase the students’ awareness on this issue in order to prevent the excessive use of EDs and associated unhealthy behaviors, especially in the most interested subgroups.
Funder
Università Parthenope di Napoli
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)
Reference47 articles.
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