1. Mitchell, P. (1967) in Florkin, M. and Stotz, E.H. Comprehensive Biochemistry. Vol. 22, Chapter IV. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
2. A dialectical review of vectorial metabolism, full of useful information.
3. Smith, H.W. (1953, reprint 1961) From fish to philosopher. Doubleday, New York.
4. Metabolism of salt and water affects everything from prehistoric fishes to the virtuoso pianist’s fingers.
5. Edsall, J.T. and Wyman, J. (1958) Biophysical Chemistry, Academic Press, New York. Chapter 1 is on the geochemical background to biology.