1. A. Szōke, fsjskd in Atomic and Molecular Processes with Short Intense Laser Pulses (A. D. Baudrank, ed.), Plenum Press, New York (1985).
2. J. H. Eberly, J. Javinainan, and K. Rzazewski, Phys. Rep.
204, 331 (1991).
3. I. J. Bersons, J. Phys. B
9, 3078 (1975).
4. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley, New York (1967).
5. The treatment in this section follows that of B. Beers and L. Armstrong, Phys. Rev. A
12, 2447 (1975), except that phenomenological operators introduced there are derived here and we treat the laser switching adiabatically rather than suddenly.