1. L. C. Davis, Finite-element analysis of particle-particle forces in electrorheological fluids, Appl. Phys. Lett. 60:319 (1992).
2. L. C. Davis, Polarization forces and conductivity effects in electrorheological fluids, J. Appl. Phys. 72:1334 (1992).
3. R. A. Anderson, Effects of finite conductivity in electrorheological fluids, in: “Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids”, R. Tao, ed., World Scientific, Singapore (1992), p. 81.
4. Prof. P. P. Phule (private communication) has suggested that small BaTiO3 particles may not behave as linear dielectrics and may possess a conducting, hydroxyl surface layer. However, the present experiments were done with large particles that we expect to be multidomain and thus to show a linear response. Some conductivity effects could occur at low frequencies, but larger frequency excitation eliminates these effects.
5. T. J. Garino, D. Adolf, and B. Hance, The effect of solvent and particle dielectric constants on the electrorheological properties of water-free ER fluids, in: “Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids,” R. Tao, ed., World Scientific, Singapore (1992), p. 167.