1. Gadd, G. E., “Reduction of Turbulent Friction in Liquids by Dissolved Additives,” Nature 212, No: 5065, 874+, 1966
2. Lumley, J. L., “The Toms Phenomenon; Anomolous Effect in Turbulent Flow of Dilute Solutions of High Molecular Weight Linear Polymers,” Applied Mech. Rev. 20. No. 12, 1139, 1967
3. Fabula, A. G., “Some Interpretations of the Toms Effect,” Modern Development in the Mechanics of Continua, Academic Press 1966, p. 146
4. Virk, P. S., “The Toms Phenomenon; Turbulent Pipe Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions,” J. Fluid Mech. 30. 305, 1967
5. Wells, C. S., “On the Turbulent Shear Flow of an Elastico-Viscous Fluid,” AIAA preprint 64–36, 1964