Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents a novel exploration of the use of an evolving neural network approach to generate dynamic content for video games, specifically for a tower defence game. The objective is to employ the NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) technique to train a NEAT neural network as a wave manager to generate enemy waves that challenge the player’s defences. The approach is extended to incorporate NEAT-generated curriculums for tower deployments to gradually increase the difficulty for the generated enemy waves, allowing the neural network to learn incrementally. The approach dynamically adapts to changes in the player’s skill level, providing a more personalised and engaging gaming experience. The quality of the machine-generated waves is evaluated through a blind A/B test with the Games Experience Questionnaire (GEQ), and results are compared with manually designed human waves. The study finds no discernible difference in the reported player experience between AI and human-designed waves. The approach can significantly reduce the time and resources required to design game content while maintaining the quality of the player experience. The approach has the potential to be applied to a range of video game genres and within the design and development process, providing a more personalised and engaging gaming experience for players.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference25 articles.
1. Olesen JK, Yannakakis GN, Hallam J (2008) Real-time challenge balance in an RTS game using rtNEAT. In: 2008 IEEE symposium on computational intelligence and games. pp 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIG.2008.5035625
2. Ibrahim MY, Sridhar R, Geetha TV, Deepika SS (2019) Advances in neuroevolution through augmenting topologies - a case study. In: 2019 11th International conference on advanced computing (ICoAC). pp 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoAC48765.2019.246825
3. Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE (2012) Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Pereira F, Burges CJ, Bottou L, Weinberger KQ (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 25. Curran Associates, Inc., ???. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2012/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf
4. Guo Q, Yu Z, Wu Y, Liang D, Qin H, Yan J (2019) Dynamic recursive neural network. In: 2019 IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). pp 5142–5151. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2019.00529
5. Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J (1997) Long short-term memory. Neural Comput 9(8):1735–1780. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735, https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/9/8/1735/813796/neco.1997.9.8.1735.pdf