1. B. Chalmers, Principles of Solidification, p. 301, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1964.
2. J. Czochralski, Z. Physik. Chem., 92, 219 (1917).
3. W.C. Winegard, Introduction to the Solidification of Metals, p. 87, The Institute of Metals, England, 1964.
4. A. Ohno, U.S.A. Patent 4,515,204; German Patent 3,246,470; Japanese Patent, 1,049,146; Canadian Patent 1,188,481.