Physical exercise and ergonomic workplace interventions for nursing personnel—effects on physical and mental health: a systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Background Improving the work ability of nurses is highly important for ensuring a functioning healthcare system, which can be achieved via exercising and enhancing ergonomic work behaviors of the nurses. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize work ability-enhancing exercise and ergonomic workplace health promotion interventions in different nursing settings and their effects on work ability. Methods Intervention studies incorporating at least one component of physical exercise or ergonomic work behavior for nurses were eligible for inclusion. Three electronic databases (Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for studies published until October 2022. The methodological quality of interventions was assessed. Due to intervention and outcome heterogeneity, narrative synthesis was conducted. Results The search identified a total of 37 studies. Sample size ranged from 14 to 316 (N = 3487). Overall quality was moderate (M = 0.76). Programs comprised aerobic exercising, “back school,” ergonomics, increasing physical activity, multicomponent programs, physiotherapy, and yoga. Positive effects on work ability (e.g., reduced back pain or stress levels) were reported in 34 studies. However, if follow-up analyses were included, the effects typically diminished. Common training principles and training control mechanisms were applied in studies. Discussion The review indicates the efficacy of exercise-based health promotion for increasing nurses’ work ability. However, results are limited by the lack of long-term improvements and scarcity of application of training principles. Therefore, setting-specific interventions, respecting work demands and training principles, are recommended.