1. In The Encyclopaedia of Higher Education, Vol. II (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992), p. 1295, e.g., it is defined by Geoffrey Caston as ?the freedom of the individual academic to teach, to do research, and to publish without any outside interference?.
2. Robert, Jackson, quoted in Kedourie, Elie, Perestroika in the Universities (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit), p. 4; reprinted in Reports and Documents, Minerva, XXXI (Spring 1993), pp. 76?105.
3. See the conclusion of. Eustace, Rowland, ?A Comment on the Discussion of Conrad Russell's Academic Freedom?, Minerva, XXXIII (Spring 1995), pp. 69?73; and the slightly question-begging comment of Parston, Greg and Albury, David, that ??Academic freedom? and ?institutional autonomy?, for so long the private defences against encroaching governments or religions, are in need of redefinition to render knowledge and learning more publicly accessible? (italics added), The Independent, 31 October, 1995. Throughout this essay I have borne in mind Rowland Eustace's other recent discussions: ?Freedom for Academics?. Higher Education Quarterly, XLIII, 3 (1989), pp. 216?228, and ?University Autonomy: The 80s and After?, in ibid., XLVIII, 2 (1994), pp. 86?117.
4. E. g., Searle, John R., The Campus War (New York: World Publishing, 1971), pp. 183?212, and (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1972), pp. 169?193; and Bligh, Donald, ?Freedoms, Rights and Accountability?, in his edited volume Accountability or Freedom for Teachers? (Guildford: SRHE, 1982), pp. 118?137. See, also, the discussion in Pincoffs, Edmund L. (ed.), The Concept of Academic Freedom (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1972), Pt II.
5. See e.g., the authoritative discussion in Ashby, Eric and Anderson, Mary, ?Autonomy and Academic Freedom in Britain and in English-Speaking Countries of Tropical Africa?, Minerva, IV (Spring 1966), pp. 317?364, and in their Universities: British, African, Indian (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966). Also, e.g., Fuchs, Ralph (a former president of the Association of American University Professors), ?Academic Freedom: Its Basic Philosophy, Function, and History?, in Baade, Hans W. with Everett, Robinson O. (eds), Academic Freedom. The Scholar's Place in Modern Society (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1984), pp. 1?16.