Abstract
AbstractDomestic laundering of textiles is being increasingly recognised as a significant source of microfibre pollution. Reliable quantification of microfibre release is necessary to understanding the scale of this issue and to evaluate the efficacy of potential solutions. This study explores three major factors that influence the quantification of microfibres released from the domestic laundering of textiles: test methodologies, laundering variables, and fabric variables.A review of different test methods is presented, highlighting the variation in quantification created by using different methodologies. A reliable and reproducible method for quantifying microfibre release from domestic laundering is used to explore the impact of laundering and fabric variables experimentally. The reproducibility and reliability of the method used was validated through inter-laboratory trials and has informed the development of European and international testing standards. Our results show that increasing the wash liquor ratio and wash agitation results in a greater mass of microfibres released, but we found that fabric variables can have a greater influence on microfibre release than the laundering variables tested in this study. However, no single fabric variable appeared to have a dominant influence.Using the data obtained and assumptions for washing load size and frequency, results were scaled to reflect possible annual microfibre release from untreated domestic laundering in the UK. Depending on different laundering and fabric variables, these values range from 6490 tonnes to 87,165 tonnes of microfibre discharged in the UK each year.
Funder
European Outdoor Group
The Microfibre Consortium
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Pollution,Environmental Chemistry,General Medicine
Reference69 articles.
1. Acharya S, Rumi SS, Hu Y, Abidi N (2021) Microfibers from synthetic textiles as a major source of microplastics in the environment: a review. Text Res J 91:2136–2156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517521991244
2. American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (2013) Colour fastness to laundering: accelerated (No. TM61-2013). AATCC, North Carolina
3. American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (2021) Test method for fiber fragment release during home laundering (No. TM212-2021). AATCC, North Carolina
4. Belzagui F, Crespi M, Álvarez A, Gutiérrez-Bouzán C, Vilaseca M (2019) Microplastics’ emissions: Microfibers’ detachment from textile garments. Environ. Pollut. 248:1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.059
5. Brahney J, Hallerud M, Heim E, Hahnenberger M, Sukumaran S (2020) Plastic rain in protected areas of the United States. Science 368:1257–1260. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5819
Cited by
10 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献