The Potential of Cell Sheet Technology for Beta Cell Replacement Therapy

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review Here, we review the use of cell sheet technology using different cell types and its potential for restoring the extracellular matrix microenvironment, perfusion, and immunomodulatory action on islets and beta cells. Recent Findings Cell sheets can be produced with different fabrication techniques ranging from the widely used temperature responsive system to the magnetic system. A variety of cells have been used to produce cell sheets including skin fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Summary CST would allow to recreate the ECM of islets which would provide cues to support islet survival and improvement of islet function. Depending on the used cell type, different additional supporting properties like immunoprotection or cues for better revascularization could be provided. Furthermore, CST offers the possibility to use other implantation sites than inside the liver. Further research should focus on cell sheet thickness and size to generate a potential translational therapy.