1. Watanabe T (1970) Morphology and ecology of early stages of life in Japanese common mackerel, Scomber japonicus HOUTTUYN, with special reference to fluctuation of population. Bull Tokai Reg Fish Res Lab 62:1–283 (in Japanese with English abstract)
2. Usami S (1973) Ecological studies of life pattern of the Japanese mackerel, Scomber japonicus HOUTTUYN, on the adult of the Pacific sub-population. Bull Tokai Reg Fish Res Lab 76:71–178 (in Japanese with English abstract)
3. Murayama T, Mitani I, Aoki I (1995) Estimation of the spawning period of the Pacific mackerel Scomber japonicus based on the changes in gonad index and the ovarian histology. Bull Jpn Soc Fish Oceanogr 59:11–17 (in Japanese with English abstract)
4. Watanabe C, Hanai T, Meguro K, Ogino R, Kubota Y, Kimura R (1999) Spawning biomass estimated of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus of Pacific subpopulation off central Japan by a daily egg production method. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 65:695–702 (in Japanese with English abstract)
5. Odate K (1994) Zooplankton biomass and its long-term variation in the western north Pacific ocean, Tohoku sea area, Japan. Bull Tohoku Natl Fish Res Inst 56:115–173 (in Japanese with English abstract)