1. American Welding Society, Flash and Upset Welding, Welding Handbook, 9th edn. (American Welding Society, Miami, 2007), pp. 74–105
2. M.E. Ashton, R.S. Johnson, A Review of Flash-Welding Research on British Railways, Railroad Rail Welding (AAR, 1983) pp. 260–282
3. American Welding Society, Recommended Practices for the Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles, AWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013 (American Welding Society, 2013)
4. AREMA, AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering (Chapt. 4.3.10), Specification for the Quality Assurance of Electric-Flash Butt Welding of Rail (AREMA, 2013)
5. AREMA, AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering (Chap. 4.4.1), Field Rail Flaw Identification (AREMA, 2013)