1. E. Nagel, The Structure of Science, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961, pp. 338–345.
2. E. Nagel, The Structure of Science, p. 338; see also pp. 336–397.
3. G. G. Simpson, This View of Life, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1964, p. 107. According to J. G. Kemeny (A Philosopher Looks at Science, New York: Van Nostrand, 1959, pp. 215–216) the most likely solution of the question of the reduction of biology to physics is that a new theory will be found, covering both fields, in new terms. Inanimate nature will appear as the simplest extreme case of this theory. In that case, one would say that physics was reduced to biology and not biology to physics.
4. Except for the general conclusion that biological phenomena will never be satisfactorily explained by mechanistic principles.
5. E. S. Russell, The Interpretation of Development and Heredity, Oxford, 1930