1. Ad Hoc Committee to Develop ETA and Trip Plan Capabilities Among Railroads (1991), A Proposal for Systems to Support Interline Service Management, Association of American Railroads Report R-776, Washington, DC.
2. Association of American Railroads (1976), Manual of Car Utilization Practices and Procedures, Association of American Railroads Report R-234, Washington, DC.
3. Dejax P.J. and T.G. Crainic (1987), “A Review of Empty Flows and Fleet Management Models in Freight Transportation,” Transportation Science, 21, 227–246.
4. Freight Car Utilization Program (1980), Catalog of Projects and Publications, 2nd ed., Association of American Railroads Report R-453, Washington, DC.
5. Gohring K.W., T.W. Spraker, P.M. Lefstead and A.E. Rarvey (1993), “Norfolk Southern’s Empty Freight Car Distribution System Using Goal Programming,” presented to ORSA/TIMS Annual Spring Meeting, Chicago, Illinois.