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2. A. M. Turing, “Digital computers applied to games,” in Faster Than Thought, ed. B. V. Bowden (London: Pitman, 1953), 286–310.
3. J. Kister, P. Stein, S. Ulam, W. Waiden, and M. Wells, “Experiments in chess,” Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (1957): 174–77.
4. A. Bernstein, M. de V. Roberts, T. Arbuckle, and M. A. Belsky, “A chess playing program for the IBM 704,” Troc. Western joint Computer Conference (1958): 157–59.
5. A. Newell, J. C. Shaw, and H. A. Simon, “Chess playing programs and the problem of complexity,” IBM Journal of Research and Development 4, no. 2 (1958): 320–35. Also in Computer and Thought, eds. Feigenbaum and Feldman (McGraw-Hill: 1967).