1. See, for example, Alexander, J., H. Zuckerman, and D. Pointer, “The Challenges of Governing Integrated Health Care Systems,” Health Care Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1995, pp. 69–81. Also see Spath, P. (Editor), Medical Effectiveness and Outcomes Management, Chicago, American Hospital Publishing, 1996, and Shortell, S., R. Gillies, and K. Devers, “Reinventing the American Hospital,” The Millbank Quarterly, Vol. 73, No. 2, 1995, pp. 131-160.
2. Coddington, D., K. Moore, and E. Fischer, Integrated Health Care: Recognizing the Physician, Hospital, and Health Plan Relationship, Center for Research in Ambulatory Health Care Administration, Englewood, Colorado, 1994. Also see Coyne, J., “Assessing the Financial Performance of Health Maintenance Organizations: Tools and Techniques,” Managed Care Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1993, pp. 50–68.
3. See, for example, Wolper, L. (Ed.), Health Care Administration: Principles, Practice, Structure, and Delivery, Aspen Publishers, Frederick, MD, 1995. Also see Brown, M., Health Care Management: Strategy, Structure, and Process, Aspen Publishers, 1992, and Scott, W., “The Organization of Medical Care Services: Toward an Integrated Theoretical Model,” Medical Care Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, 1993, pp. 271-303. These are illustrative publications of the vast literature that has emerged in the past decade. Such transformations into merging groups of entities were also accompanied by an increase in the types of health care delivery organizations.
4. Sackman, H., Biomedical Information Technology, New York, Academic Press, 1997. Also see Andersen, R., T. Rice, and G. Kominski (Eds.), Changing the U.S. Health Care System, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 1996; and, Murphy, T., and C. Thompson Handy, Hospital-Physician Integration, Chicago, American Hospital Publishers, 1994.
5. For example, Scott, W. R., “The Organization of Medical Care Services: Toward an Integrated Theoretical Model,” Medical Care Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, 1993, pp. 271–303.