1. Anderson, J.R. (1983). A spreading activation theory of memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 261–295.
2. Balota, D.A., & Duchek, J.M. (1988). Age-related differences in lexical access, spreading activation and simple pronunciation. Psychology and Aging, 3, 84–93.
3. Bowles, N.L., & Poon, L.W. (1985). Aging and retrieval of words in semantic memory. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 71–77.
4. Britton, B.K. (1976). Semantic encoding stability and context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2, 69–75.
5. Burke, D.M., & Harrold, R.M. (in press). Approaches to the study of language and memory in old age. To appear in L.L. Light & D.M. Burke (Eds.), Language, memory, and aging New York: Cambridge University Press.