1. Lutz LJ, Lamer TJ. Management of postoperative pain: review of current techniques and methods. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990;65:584–96.
2. Hebl JR, Dilger JA, Byer DE, Kopp SL, Stevens SR, Pagnano MW, Hanssen AD, Horlocker TT. A pre-emptive multimodal pathway featuring peripheral nerve block improves perioperative outcomes after major orthopedic surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33:510–7.
3. Duellman TJ, Gaffigan C, Milbrandt JC, Allan DG. Multi-modal, pre-emptive analgesia decreases the length of hospital stay following total joint arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2009;32:1–5.
4. Duncan CM, Long KH, Warner DO, Hebl JR. The economic implications of a multimodal analgesic regimen for patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34:301–7.
5. LaMotte RH. Neurophysiological mechanisms of cutaneous secondary hyperalgesia in the primate. In: Willis WD, editor. Hyperalgesia and allodynia. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 175–85.