1. I rely here on Ernest Greenwood (1982) “Attributes of a Profession,” Moral Responsibility and the Professions, B. Freedman and B. Baumrin (eds.), Haven, New York, NY, pp. 20–33. Greenwood is representing a tradition of sociological literature on the professions rather than introducing a novel understanding.
2. See Preamble, Code of Ethics for Nursing (1985), Canadian Nurses Association, Ottawa, pp. 1–3.
3. The survey, carried out by the US National Institutes of Health, is reported on in Joyce Bermel’s (1985) “Ethics Consultants: A Self-Portrait of Decision Makers,” Hastings Center Report
15 2.