1. Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
2. Department of Health Informatics; Kyoto University School of Public Health; Kyoto Japan
3. Department of Surgery; Teikyo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
4. Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery; Sapporo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
5. Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Kaken Hospital; International University of Health and Welfare; Chiba Japan
6. Department of Surgery; Kumamoto Regional Medical Center; Kumamoto Japan
7. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine; Kimitsu Chuo Hospital; Chiba Japan
8. Department of Advanced Critical Care Center; Gifu University Hospital; Gifu Japan
9. Department of Gastroenterology; Ogaki Municipal Hospital; Ogaki Japan
10. Critical Care and Emergency Center; Yokohama City University Medical Center; Yokohama Japan
11. Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
12. Division of Gastroenterology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
13. Department of Surgery; National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center; Sendai Japan
14. General Internal Medicine; Japanese Red Cross Society Nagoya Daini Hospital; Nagoya Japan
15. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan