1. See, for example, two classic texts: R.M. Titmuss,Social Policy: An Introduction, Allen and Unwin, 1974, and T.H. Marshall,Social Policy in the Twentieth Century, Hutchinson, 1975.
2. See D. Garland,Punishment and Welfare: a History of Penal Strategies, Gower, 1985.
3. J. Higgins, “Social Control Theories of Social Policy,”Journal of Social Policy 9/1 (1980), 1–23.
4. See G. Mair,Part Time Punishment? The Origins and Development of Senior Attendance Centres, HMSO, 1991.
5. Ibid. See G. Mair,Part Time Punishment? The Origins and Development of Senior Attendance Centres, HMSO, 1991.