1. Charles C. Bates and John E Fuller, America’s Weather Warriors: 18141984 (College Station, TX: Texas AandM University Press, 1986), p. 4. This source is hereinafter cited as Wx Warriors.
2. A veteran of the Revolutionary War and former member of the Continental Congress.
3. Maj. Charles Smart, U.S. Army, "The Connection of the Army Medical Department With the Developments of Meteorology in the U.S.," pp. 207-16, in Report of the International Meteorological Congress (Chicago, IL, Aug. 21-24, 1893), pt. H (Wash., D.C.: U.S. Weather Bureau, 1895), ed. Oliver L. Fassig; 'A Chronological Outline of the History of Meteorology in the United States of North America," Monthly Weather Review no. 3 (Mar. 1909), 37:87-89; and Eric R. Miller, "The Evolution of Meteorological Institutions in the United States," Monthly '
4. Mather Review no. 1 (Jan. 1931), 59:1-6. Miller's work is hereinafter cited as "U.S. Met Institutions." See also Donald R. Whitnah, A History of the United States Weather Bureau (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1961), pp. 10-11. Whitnah's book is hereinafter cited as Hist USWB.
5. Harvey E. Brown, The Medical Department of the United States Army from 1775 to 1875 (Wash., D.C.: Surgeon General Office, 1873), pp. 101-18