Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
-
Published:2023-12-22
Issue:
Volume:
Page:
-
ISSN:1866-6892
-
Container-title:Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves
Author:
Shariff B. G. Parveez,Pathan Sameena,Mane Pallavi R.,Ali Tanweer
Abstract
AbstractThe millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is $$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}$$
0.61
λ
0
×
0.61
λ
0
. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient |S11| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications.
Funder
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Condensed Matter Physics,Instrumentation,Radiation
Reference37 articles.
1. Lili Wei, R. Hu, Yi Qian, and Geng Wu, “Key elements to enable millimeter wave communications for 5G wireless systems,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 136–143, Dec. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2014.7000981. 2. N. Hosseini et al., "Attenuation of Several Common Building Materials: Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands 28, 73, and 91 GHz," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 40–50, Dec. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2020.3043445. 3. J. Shan, K. Rambabu, Y. Zhang, and J. Lin, "High gain array antenna for 24 GHz FMCW automotive radars," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 147, p. 154144, Apr. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2022.154144. 4. S. Li, L. D. Xu, and S. Zhao, "The internet of things: a survey," Inf Syst Front, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 243–259, Apr. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9492-7. 5. B. Zhao, J. Mao, J. Zhao, H. Yang, and Y. Lian, "The Role and Challenges of Body Channel Communication in Wearable Flexible Electronics," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 283–296, Apr. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2020.2966285.
|
|