Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on care of maintenance hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study

Abstract

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge to hemodialysis (HD) patients. While most outpatient and elective medical services stopped during lockdown, HD patients continued to visit their dialysis centers. We aimed to assess how the initial phase of the pandemic affected patient care by comparing dialysis adequacy and other parameters of patient care before and during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In a retrospective multi-center observational study, all adult dialysis patients in five dialysis centers in Alexandria, Egypt were included. Dialysis adequacy, missed sessions, laboratory parameters and hospitalization were recorded. Data of the 10 months before and the 10 months after the pandemic were compared and predictors of adequacy were determined. Results In the 388 HD patients included in the study, the number of missed sessions was higher during the pandemic with peaks during the first and second wave of the pandemic. The ratio of patients to nurses, phosphorus and parathormone levels were significantly higher during the pandemic, while urea reduction ratio, Kt/V, hemoglobin, calcium and albumin levels were significantly lower. In patients who reported difficult accessibility, missed HD sessions were higher during lockdown. Hospital admissions doubled during the pandemic, with COVID-19 infection being the main cause (45.5%). Number of patients per nurse and interdialytic weight gain were predictors of inadequate dialysis. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdown negatively affected multiple aspects of dialysis patient care. Continued access of optimum care in dialysis patients should be a priority in any future mass events.