Effects of dietary commercial phytobiotic “Sanacore® GM” on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth, immune response, redux status, intestinal health, and disease resistance against Fusarium solani

Abstract

AbstractThe use of phytobiotic as functional feed additives is a promising inducer for growth performance and immune response in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). It can be also commercially applied in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and vaccines. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of a commercial phytobiotic feed additive, Sanacore® GM, containing vegetable fatty acids and inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae with herbal extracts, on growth, body composition, non-specific immune response, antioxidant index, intestinal microflora count, and fungal resistance to Fusarium solani challenge in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp juveniles (5.00 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 hapas (1 m3) in triplicates at a stocking density of 20 shrimp per hapa and fed increasing levels of Sanacore® (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) for 63 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the experimental shrimp were infected with F. solani, and mortality was recorded for 15 days. Results revealed that growth performance, feed utilization, and whole-body protein deposition were improved with increasing dietary sanacore levels. A significant improvement was reported in cellular (hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity) and humoral (lysozyme and phenoloxidase) immune responses with higher dietary sanacore levels. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were notably improved in shrimp-fed sanacore-supplemented diets. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased in all sanacore-supplemented shrimp. Furthermore, the dietary sanacore consistently increased probiotic bacterial counts and decreased enteric and Clostridium sp. counts in the intestine. Juveniles fed with Sanacore exhibited significantly lower mortality rates when challenged with F. solani. In conclusion, dietary sanacore could exhibit a profitable effect on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal microbial, and the health condition of L. vannamei. Thus, sanacore can be used as an attractive feed supplement in the L. vannamei diet (0.2–0.3%), providing more insights into its application in aquaculture as a functional immunostimulant feed additive.