1. Dalbey, J., & Linn, M. C. (1986). Cognitive consequences of programming: Augmentation to basic instruction.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2(1), 75–93.
2. Dalton, D. W., & Goodrum, D. A. (1989).The effects of computer programming on problem-solving skills and attitudes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April, San Francisco.
3. Gorbachev, M. (1987).Perestroika: New thinking for our country and the world. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.
4. Kerr, S. (1987). Soviet applications of microcomputers in education: Developments in research and practice during the Gorbachev era.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 3(1), 1–17.
5. Luehrmann, A., & Peckham, H. (1982).Computer literacy: A hands-on approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.