1. Possibly, the model for this arrangement was taken from the Grand Duchy of Warsaw founded by Napoleon after the peace negotiations at Tilsit in 1807.
2. Riitta Hjerppe, Suomen tatous 1860-1985. Kasvu ja rakennemuutos (Helsinki: Suomen Pankki, 1988), p. 65
3. Riitta Hjerppe, Finland's Historical National Accounts 1860-1994 (Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1996), pp. 109-129.
4. Kustaa Hautala, European and American Tar in the English Market during the Eighteenth and Early 19th Centuries (Helsinki: Suomalaisen tiedeakatemian toimituksia B 130, 1963); Sven-Erik Aström, From Tar to Timber, Studies in Northeast European Forest Exploitation and Foreign Trade, 1660–1860, (Ekenäs: Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 85, 1988).
5. J. R., "Adolf Ossian Aschan," in Finlandssvenka tekniker II, Utg. av Jonatan Reuter, (Helsingfors, 1924), p. 55