1. Wolfgang König, “Science-based industry or industry-based science? Electrical engineering in Germany before World War I,” Technology and Culture,37 (1996), 70-101, on pp. 71-72.
2. Best example is the study of research at Du Pont. See David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith, Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy. Du Pont R0000D, 1902-1980 (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1988). For the German case see John Joseph Beer, "Coal tar dye manufacture and the origins of the modern industrial research laboratory," /sis,49 (1958), 123-131
3. Georg Meyer-Thurow, "The industrialization of invention: A case study from the German chemical industry," Isis,73 (1982), 363-381
4. Ernst Homburg, "The emergence of research laboratories in the dyestuffs industry, 1870-1900," British Journal for the History of Science,25 (1992), 91-I11
5. Ulrich Marsch, "Strategies for success: Research organization in German chemical companies and I.G. Farben until 1936," History and Technology,12 (1995), 23"77.