1. Tracy, “Memoire sur la faculte de penser”, p. 287; Louis de Bonald, Melanges (Paris, 1819), vol. II, pp. 311–319; B. Constant, Melanges (Paris, 1829), pp. 240–254; Condorcet, Selected Writings, ed. K.M. Baker (New York, 1976), pp. xxvii–xxviii of “Introduction”; C.H. Van Duzer, Contributions of the Ideologues, p. 95.
2. B. Constant, loc. cit.; Condorcet, “The Nature and Purpose of Public Instruction” (1791), in Selected Writings, esp. pp. 122–134.
3. Cf. Helvetius, De I’esprit (1758), ed. F. Chatelet (Paris, 1973), pp. 492–501; I. Cumming, Helvetius (London, 1955); A. Keim, Helvetius (Paris, 1907). On Beccaria, cf. D.-J. Garat, Memoires historiques sur la vie de M. Suard… (Paris, 1820), vol. II, pp. 203–8. Tracy cited Beccaria’s view that “the most certain means of rendering a people free and happy is to establish a perfect method of education”: see title page of Commentary (Philadelphia, 1811 ).
4. 1. Cf. Dictionnaire de la Constitution frangaise (Paris, 1791) , article "Instruction publique", pp. 257-9
5. 2. A. Sicard, L'education morale et civique avant et pendant la Revolution (Paris, 1884) .