1. French, C. C. J., A universal test engine for combustion research. SAE paper 830453, 1983.
2. SAE paper;DR Lancaster,1975
3. Rassweiler, G. H. & Withrow, L., Motion pictures of engine flames correlated with pressure cards. Trans. SAE, 42(5) (1938) 185–204.
4. Muller, M. & Oblander, K., Analysis of the combustion process in gasoline engines with the aid of high speed flame photography and indicator diagrams. MTZ, October 1975, 267–74.
5. SAE paper;PO Witze,1982