1. The Past and the Present, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, p. 21. Further references to this source are shown in the text by page numbers prefixed PP.
2. See, for example, Hexter’s The History Primer, New York: Basic Books, 1971 (hereafter referred to in the text as HP), especially ch. 6, and
3. Elton’s Political History, London: Basic Books, 1970.
4. Foundations of Historical Knowledge, New York: Harper & Row, 1965, ch. 6.
5. Analytical Philosophy of History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965, chs. 7, 8, 11.