1. Harry Collins, Changing Order (London: Sage, 1985); Barry Barnes and David Bloor, “Relativism Rationalism and the Sociology of Knowledge, in Hollis and Lukes, eds., Rationality
and Relativism (Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1982); Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
2. Stephen Cole, Making Science (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Philip Kitcher, The Advancement of Science (New York: Oxford, 1993), p. 390.
3. For Kuhn on translation, see Thomas Kuhn, “Commensurability, Comparability, Communicability,” in Asquith and Nickles, eds., PSA 1982 (East Lansing, Michigan: PSA, 669–688. For Kitcher’s attempt to preserve objectivity through “reference-preserving translations,” see Kitcher 1993), p. 103.
4. Kitcher, Advancement of Science, p. 117.
5. Robert P. Crease, The Play of Nature: Experimentation as Performance (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993). For “primacy of the phenomenon,” see Patrick A. Heelan, “After Experiment: Realism and Research,” American Philosophical Quarterly 26:4 (1989): 297–308. The priority of performance, of course, merely corresponds to the priority that phenomenology, and science itself, have always placed on witnessing things first-hand — to the ancient meaning of theorem