1. H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., “The Concepts of Health and Disease,” in A. L. Caplan, H. T. Engelhardt, Jr., and J. J. McCartney eds., Concepts of Health and Disease (Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1981): 31–45. See also, Engelhardt’s “Explanatory Models in Medicine: Facts, Theories, and Values,” Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine 32, no. 1 (1974): 225–239.
2. Helen Bequaert Holmes, and Laura M. Purdy, eds., Feminist Perspectives in Medical Ethics, (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992); Susan Sherwin, “Feminist and Medical Ethics: Two Different Approaches to Contextual Ethics,” in H. B. Holmes and L. M. Purdy, eds., Feminist Perspectives in Medical Ethics (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992): 17–31.
3. Engelhardt, The Foundations of Bioethics, 2nd Ed. (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), see especially, Chapter 5, “The Languages of Medicalization.”
4. See Foundations, 195.
5. Engelhardt, “The Concepts of Health and Disease,” 33.