1. H. Kritzer, “The Professions are Dead, Long Live the Professions: Legal Practice in a Post-Professional World”, 33 Law & Society Review 1999 No. 3, 713–759, 716–717.
2. For a discussion of definitional problems see E. Freidson, “The Theory of Professions: State of the Art” in R. Dingwall & P. Lewis, eds., The Sociology of the Professions, New York 1983.
3. The frequently used definition of self-governance is a misnomer since the professions ultimately rely on the state for legitimacy and power.
4. Notions of an altruistic profession have been challenged beginning with the law school experience: R.V. Stover, Making It and Breaking It: The Fate of Public Interest Commitment During Law School, Evanston 1989. For a critique of the idea that the self-represented badges of professionalism ever existed, see M. Galanter, “Lawyers in the Mist: The Golden Age of Legal Nostalgia”, 100 Dickinson Law Review 1996 No. 3, 549–562. For a work which takes what professionals say about themselves more seriously, see T. Becher, Professional Practice, New Brunswick, NJ 1999.
5. T. Parsons, “A Sociologist Looks at the Legal Profession”, Essays in Sociological Theory, Glencoe 1954.