1. Altdorfer, F. (July 1981). “Introduction of price elasticities on energy demand in MARKAL”, Memorandum No 345, KFA, Julich.
2. Berger, C, Dubois, R., Haurie, A., Lessard, E., Loulou, R. and Waaub, J.-Ph. (1992). “Canadian MARKAL: an Advanced Linear Programming System for Energy and Environment Modelling”, INFOR, 20, pp. 114–125.
3. Fishbone, L.G., and Abilock, H. (1981). “MARKAL, A Linear Programming Model for Energy Systems Analysis: Technical Description of the BNL Version”, International Journal of Energy Research, 5, pp. 353–375.
4. Hogan, W.W. (1975) “Energy Policy Models for Project Independence”, Computers and Operations Research, 2, pp. 251–271.
5. Kram, T. (1993). “National Energy Options for reducing C02 Emissions, Vol. 1: the International Connection”, ECN-C-93–101 Report, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands.