1. Patrick A. Mulloy, ‘Political storm signals over the sea’, Natural History, 1973. It will be of interest to South-East Asian scholars that the involvement of Grotius in legal maritime issues arose from a Dutch-Portuguese dispute over transit rights in the Straits of Malacca, also an issue in the Third Law of the Sea Conference. Grotius advocated freedom of the seas on behalf of the Dutch East India Company’s interests, while Seiden defended the right of dominion by Britain over foreign incursions for security and economic reasons.
2. See Seyom Brown and Larry L. Fabian, ‘Diplomats at Sea’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 52, No. 2 (January 1974), pp. 302–3.
3. Cited in John Temple Swing, ‘Who will own the oceans?’, Foreign Affairs, April 1976, p. 528.
4. Some Scandinavian countries claimed 4 miles, a few Mediterranean countries claimed 6 miles, and Russia in Czarist days claimed 12 miles. See Luard, op. cit., p. 30.
5. U.S.A., Presidential Proclamation No. 2667 on the ‘Policy of the United States with respect to the natural resources of the subsoil and seabed of the continental shelf’ (The Truman Proclamation), 28 September 1945. See S.H. Lay et al. (compilers), New Directions in the Law of the Sea (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1973), Vol. I, pp. 103–6.