1. McMullin, ‘Empiricism at sea?’, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 14, 1974, pp. 21–32.
2. Studies in the Logic of Confirmation’ (1945), reprinted in Aspects of Scientific Explanation, New York, 1965, p. 22.
3. Studies in the Logic of Confirmation’ (1945), reprinted in Aspects of Scientific Explanation, New York, 1965, p. 41.
4. Studies in the Logic of Confirmation’ (1945), reprinted in Aspects of Scientific Explanation, New York, 1965, p. 42.
5. This is the recurrent theme of such works as Logical Foundations of Probability (1950). He writes in his Autobiography: “I believed that the logical concept of probability should supply an exact quantitative explication of a concept which is basic in the methodology of empirical science, i.e. the concept of the confirmation of an hypothesis with respect to a given body of evidence”. The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap, ed. by P. Schilpp, LaSalle (Ill.), 1963, p. 72.