1. For a scholarly introduction, see Ian G. Barbour, Religion in an Age of Science (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1990); Nancey Murphy, Theology in the Age of Scientific Reasoning (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990); Arthur Peacocke, Theology for a Scientific Age: Being and Becoming (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993); John C. Polkinghorne, The Faith of a Physicist: Reflections of a Bottom-up Thinker (Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress, 1994); W. Mark Richardson and Wesley J. Wildman, eds., Religion and Science: History, Method, Dialogue (New York: Routledge, 1996). For a less technical introduction see John F. Haught, Science & Religion: From Conflict to Conversion (New York: Paulist Press, 1995); Ted Peters, ed., Science & Theology: The New Consonance (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1998); Christopher Southgate et. al., eds., God, Humanity and the Cosmos: A Textbook in Science and Religion (Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 1999). For a recent survey article with extensive references see my “Theology and Science: Current Issues and Future Directions” at www.ctns.org.
2. See Ted Peters, “Exo-Theology: Speculations on Extra-Terrestrial Life,” CTNS Bulletin 14.3(Summer 1994) (Berkeley: Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences). For a recent survey of Roman Catholic views, see Douglas A. Vakoch, “Roman Catholic Views of Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Anticipating the Future by Examining the Past,” in When SETI Succeeds: The Impact of High-Information Contact, ed Allen Tough (Bellevue, Washington: Foundation for the Future, 2000). See also Ernan McMullin, “Life and Intelligence Far from Earth: Formulating Theological Issues,” in Many Worlds: The New Universe, Extraterrestrial Life & the Theological Implications, ed. Steven Dick (Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press, 2000); Coyne, S. J., George V., “The Evolution of Intelligent Life on Earth and Possibly Elsewhere: Reflections from a Religious Tradition,” in Many Worlds ed. Steven Dick. For a recent survey of ethical im plications see Richard O. Randolph, Margaret S. Race and Christopher P. McKay, “Reconsidering the Theological and Ethical Implications of Extraterrestrial Life,” CTNS Bulletin 17.3(Summer 1997) (Berkeley: CTNS).
3. Steven J. Dick, Plurality of Worlds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), esp. Ch. 2.
4. See for example Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe (New York: Harper and Row, 1979), Ch. 19; Steven J. Dick, “Extraterrestrials and Objective Knowledge,” in When SETI Succeeds ed. Allen Tough.
5. Stephen Jay Gould, The Flamingo’s Smile: Reflections in Natural History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1985).