1. K. Schwarzschild, Untersuchungen zur geometrischen Optik (Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1905)
2. A.C.S. van Heel, Inleiding in de Optica (M. Nijhoff, Leiden, 1950)
3. P. Mouroulis, J. Mcdonald, Geometrical Optics and Optical Design (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997)
4. J. Macdonald, Syllabus of SIRA Course in Optical Engineering III (London, 1987)
5. R. Kingslake, R.B. Johnson, Lens Design Fundamentals, 2nd edn. (SPIE Press/Academic Press, USA, 2010)