1. Daumas, M., Lavoisier, théoricien et expérimentateur, Paris, 1955; ‘La chimie dans l’Encyclopédie et dans l’Encyclopédie méthodique’, in Revue d’histoire des sciences 5 (1951) pp. 19–23.
2. Guerlac, H., Lavoisier: The Crucial Year. The Background and Origin of His First experiments on Combustion in 1772, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1961: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier. Chemist and Revolutionary, New York, 1973; ‘Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent’, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York, 1973, VIII, pp. 66–91.
3. 1. A quantitative analysis would reveal the full implications of this historical dimension. Here are a few examples: Le Syst??me des connaissances chimiques by Fourcroy, Paris 1801, is arranged thus: the first part is theoretical, the second is historical, and only then are experiments and applications dealt with. Fourcroy differentiates so little chemistry from its history, that he defines the former in terms of the latter: In his article 'Chimie', published in the Encyclop??die M??thodique, he writes: 'La chimie se distingue des autres sciences plus par son histoire que par ses progr??s'
4. 2. a statement confirmed by the 478 pages of detailed historical analysis that followed. With Dumas, history is again at the forefront of the Le??ons sur la Philosophie chimique, Paris, 1836, six lectures are devoted to history, as opposed to only five given over to contemporary chemistry. Berthelot, turned historian in two works, Les origines de l'alchimie, Paris 1885 and La r??volution chimique, Lavoisier (Paris, 1890)
5. 3. but his works still devote a lot of space to history: La synth??se chimique, Paris, 1879, is set out in two parts: the first, 'historique de la chimie organique', is 214 pages long, whereas the second, 'La chimie organique fond??e sur la synth??se', numbers only 50 pages.