1. C.E. Shannon, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” Bell Syst. Tech. Jour. Vol. 27, pp. 379–423, 623–655; July, October, 1948. Also in au]C. E. Shannon and W. Weaver, “The Mathematical Theory of Communication,” University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1949.
2. N. H. Abel, Grelle’s Jour., Bd. 1 (1826).
3. R. T. Cox, “Probability, Frequency, and Reasonable Expectation,” American Journal of Physics. Vol. 14, p. 1 (1946). This is a very important, but unfortunately little—known, paper which comes quite close to solving the problem of Sec. 2.
4. „La théorie des probabilités n’est que le ben sens reduit au calcul.” This occurs in the Introduction to P.S. Laplace, „Exposition de la théorie des chances at des probabilités,” Paris, 1843. The same statement, with slightly different wording, is found in the Truscott—Emory translation of P.S. Laplace, “A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities,” Dover Publications, N. Y. (1951), p. 196.
5. G. Polya, ”Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning,” Volumes I and II, Princeton University Press, 1954.