1. The Japanese fiscal year (FY) begins on April 1 of each year and ends on the following March 31.
2. Ezra F.Vogel, Japan as Number One (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979); Marvin Wolf, The Japanese Conspiracy (New York: Empire Books, 1983).
3. Thomas Pepper, Merit E. Janow, and Jimmy W. Wheeler, The Competition: Dealing With Japan (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1985); James C. Abegglen and George Stalk, Jr., Kaisha: The Japanese Corporation (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1985).
4. The New York Times (May 3, 1986), p. 1.
5. While both “restructuring” and “internationalization” are used to refer to the changes expected in Japan, hereafter the term internationalization will be used because it is more comprehensive and better conveys the intent of the changes.