1. Styron, W. (1990). Darkness visible: A memoir of madness. New York: Random House.
2. The writer-artists have it that the every day language utilized to describe this state of suffering has not served us well. The depressed state is not so simple as the stereotypical concept most often used to describe it. These simple descriptions of an emotional state that most normals have experienced in lesser amounts and on fewer occasions is not, according to those actually afflicted with the disorder, an accurate picture of the disordered state. It is because of the common view that it is part of everyone’s experience, that it has been so mischaracterized in every day literature and in the popular press. A more realistic description requires a grasp of language and a capacity for articulation much beyond that which is available to the average person, and apparently, the average clinician. The gap between the stereotype and the artists’ articulation of the state is vivified by the author, William Styron, later in this chapter.
3. Grinker, R., Miller, J., Sabshin, M., Nunn, R., & Nunnally, J. C. (1961). The phenomena of depression. New York: Hoeber.
4. Kendell, R. E. (1968). The classification of depressive illnesses. London: Oxford University Press.
5. Katz, M. M., Koslow, S., Berman, N., Secunda, S., Maas, J. W., Casper, R., et al. (1984). Multivantaged approach in the measurement of behavioral and affect states for clinical and psychobiological research. Psychology Reports,
55, 619–791.