1. Harvey, E. N. (1957). A history of luminescence: From the earliest times until 1900. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
2. Atkins, P., & Friedman, R. (2005). Molecular quantum mechanics (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Blasse, G., & Grabmaier, B. C. (1994). Luminescent materials. Heidelberg: Spriger-Verlag.
4. Bünzli, J.-C. G., & Choppin, G. R. (Eds.). (1989). Lanthanide probes in life, chemical and earth sciences: Theory and practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
5. Hemmilä, I., Dakubu, S., Mukkala, V. M., Siitari, H., & Lövgren, T. (1984). Europium as a label in time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Analytical Biochemistry, 137(2), 335–343.