1. Aguirre, A. and T. Sowell (Nov.1986), "Markets and Minorities," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.LXXXVIII, pp. 217–28.
2. Ando, F.H. (1986), "An Analysis of the Formation and Failure of Minority-Owned Firms," Review of Black Political Economy, Vol.XV, pp. 51–71.
3. Concept adapted from: Ellis, Richard (Nov.12–15, 1987), "incubators for Minority Entrepreneurs," A paper delivered at the First Conference on Minority Marketing: Issues and Prospects, Greensboro, N.C.
4. Davis, George and Glegg Watson (1982), "Black Life in Corporate America: Swimming in the Mainstream, Garden City, N.J.:Anchor Press/ Doubleday, First Ed.
5. Kotkin, Joel (July 1987), "Selling to the New America," Inc., Vol.IX, No.8, pp. 44–52.