1. Bogue, D. J. (1953). Population growth in standard metropolitan areas, 1900–1950: With an explanatory analysis of urbanized areas. Housing and Home Finance Agency, Office of the Administrator, Division of Housing Research.
2. Bowden, M. J. (1971). Downtown through time: Delimitation, expansion, and internal growth. Economic Geography, 47(2), 121–135.
3. Burgess, E. W. (1925). The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. 收入 The Trend of Population (页 85–97). American Sociological Society.
4. Edmonston, B. (1975). Population distribution in American cities. Lexington Books.
5. Greater London Authority. (2011). London’s places. London: The London Plan.