1. Adrien, E., Duponsel, N., & Osana, H. P. (2015). Effects of explanations and presentation order of manipulatives and written symbols in second-grade addition instruction. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.
2. Ainsworth, S. (2006). DeFT: A conceptual framework for considering learning with multiple representations. Learning and Instruction, 16, 183–198.
3. Ambrose, R. C. (2002). Are we overemphasizing manipulatives in the primary grades to the detriment of girls? Teaching Children Mathematics, 9(1), 16–21. Retrieved from www.nctm.org/resources/nea/TCM2002-09-16a.pdf
4. Ball, D. L. (1992). Magical hopes: Manipulatives and the reform of math education. American Educator, 16(14–18), 46–47.
5. Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.