1. Shibata, M.: Listening to Japanese Sounds. Seidosha, Tokyo, pp. 10–17, 258 (in Japanese) (1987)
2. Shibata, M.: Musical History and Musical Theory. Iwanami, Tokyo, pp. 30–34 (in Japanese) (2014)
3. Malm, W.P.: Traditional Japanese Music and Musical Instruments. Kodansha International, Tokyo Chaps. 4 and 6 (2000) (originally published in 1959 by Charles E. Tuttle Company under the title Japanese Music and Musical Instruments)
4. Hayashi, K.: Study of the Shosoin musical instruments. Kazama-Shobo, Tokyo, pp. 164–173 (in Japanese) (1964)
5. Tsukitani, T.: Diffusion and interchange of the Fuke shakuhachi. In Japanese music and Asian music Vol. 3, Propagation and Transfiguration, Iwanami, Tokyo, pp. 37–42 (in Japanese) (1988)